Sugarcane cultivation & crop management: A complete guide to leveraging agri-tech insights

Team Cropin
October 25, 2025
18 min read

Synopsis:

This blog explores specific needs and major challenges encountered in sugarcane cultivation. As we detail every vital stage, we show how adopting agritech platforms like Cropin for data-driven decision-making is essential for farmers and businesses alike. It drives smart farming to secure resilient yields and future-proof the industry.

Importance of sugarcane in the global economy

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is one of the most important commercial crops in the world. It is currently valued at $63.4 billion and soaring toward $88.6 billion by 2035. This tropical grass is the backbone of multi-billion-dollar industries. It accounts for more than 70% of the world’s sugar, with uses stretching into ethanol, renewable energy, and paper all while supporting the livelihoods of millions of farmers across more than 80 countries. However, this sweet crop comes with its challenges.

Farmers and agribusinesses are increasingly turning to science-backed crop management and digital tools to clear their roadblocks. This blog presents a comprehensive guide to sugarcane cultivation – from land preparation to harvesting, highlighting the role of Agri-tech innovations that are transforming the way sugarcane is grown, managed, and sustained.

Why sugarcane matters

The economic and ecological significance of sugarcane goes far beyond sweeteners!

With rising demand for both food and fuel, sugarcane stands at the intersection of agriculture and energy.

What are some challenges in sugarcane cultivation

As sugarcane is a climate-sensitive crop, it is extremely vulnerable. Farmers from America to Asia face a host of challenges, like:

Climate change & extreme weather patterns
Pest & disease pressure
Rising input costs and environmental concerns
Market volatility & pricing
Sustainability & environmental impact
Operational inefficiency
Resistance to the adoption of innovation & technology
Water scarcity across many regions
Intensive monoculture leading to soil depletion

What are sugarcane growing conditions

While sugarcane is an easy crop, getting a high-sugar harvest requires giving it exactly what it wants over its 12-18-month cycle, depending upon sowing time and variety.

The Recipe for success: This tropical grass demands high solar radiation and heat, abundant water, and rich, well-drained soil (pH 6.0–7.0).
Temperature check: The sweet spot for optimal growth is around 22°C-30°C daily mean temperature. Prolonged exposure below 20°C or above 40°C reduces the final yield.
Quenching thirst: Sugarcane needs around 1000-1500 mm of annual rainfall. When water is scarce, growth slows and the crucial sugar content decreases—a problem solved by irrigation in drier regions.
Soil needs: The biggest threat to its health is waterlogging, which stunts growth and invites rot. Farmers must ensure the soil is loamy and well-drained, avoiding excessive moisture to keep sugar levels high.

Data-driven field selection using cropin cloud platform

Choosing regions and plots with ideal temperature, humidity, and soil moisture is critical. Cropin Cloud platform offers data-driven regional insights on historical climate trends, active agriculture areas, suitability, sown areas, acreage, and yield potential of sugarcane to help select the best regions for cultivation/sourcing. A further deep dive at the granular plot level can be done to enhance decision-making.

Pre-planting practices

Land preparation is the first step in agriculture, as it is crucial for root formation and nutrient uptake. Sugarcane requires deep ploughing (depth of 30-60 cm), often followed by harrowing, ensuring a fine tilth for water movement and root penetration. After tillage soil must be levelled to improve water penetration and control waterlogging. Fertile soil always results in good harvests. To improve soil structure, fertility, and microbial activity, you need to add 25-30 tonnes per hectare of organic matter (farmyard manure or compost). After prepping up the soil, next choose the perfect sugarcane variety considering its maturity period, resistance to pests and diseases, and yield potential.

Don’t forget crop rotation!

Switching cultivation with crops like alfalfa, paddy, or wheat naturally improves soil health and helps keep pests in check. Many farmers also find success by intercropping with quick-growing crops like onions, potatoes, or soybeans. Cropin Cloud platform leverages satellite monitoring and our proprietary crop knowledge graph, and enables you to seamlessly capture:

Now that you have data on the impact of productivity with different crop rotation practices across the growing season, you strategically choose the perfect option for your region.

Planting

When to plant sugar cane?

Planting is timed with the onset of rain to ensure sufficient moisture in the soil. Late summer and early fall are the best times to plant sugarcane.

Sugarcane is propagated through stem cuttings known as setts. Each sett should have 2–3 healthy buds. Using disease-free setts ensures a quality harvest. Dipping setts in fungicidal or hot-water solutions prevents seed-borne infections.

The digitization twist

Using historical and current weather insights, Cropin’s AI/ML models compute optimal sowing dates. Digitization on Cropin’s farm management app Cropin Grow enables complete visibility of field activities. You can

Planting methods

Sugarcane planting isn’t one-size-fits-all; you choose your method based on your climate, water supply, and machinery.

Growth stages in sugarcane cultivation

1. Germination (0-60 days): Once the setts are planted, buds on the setts sprout, and first leaves emerge quickly, growing into independent shoots. Getting this right is vital! You need warm temperatures and plenty of soil moisture (70–80%) for sprouting and root establishment. Be careful: dry spells will delay the whole process, but too much water or waterlogging can risk disease and literally suffocate the roots. Weed scouting is crucial during this stage to ensure healthy crop establishment. Application of a pre-emergence herbicide, ideally within three days after planting, helps effectively suppress early weed growth.

To overcome these adverse scenarios, Cropin’s weather forecast helps by raising alerts well in advance to adopt an optimum irrigation schedule and proper management practices.

2. Tillering (60-150 days): Tillering is the phase of intense vegetative growth where the primary shoots multiply by producing secondary shoots (tillers) from the base of the plant. This period is marked by the formation of the maximum number of stalks (tillers) per planted unit, and the root system develops rapidly. Plants require optimal fertilization, particularly nitrogen, and sufficient moisture is crucial to support this rapid multiplication and canopy development. Beware of low soil moisture (below 60%) and drought conditions now! This means minimizing tiller counts, low cane density, and reduced yield potential.

Sugarcane smut and Grassy shoot (common in ratoon crop) are some major prevailing diseases in the tillering stage. These reduce cane count, sugar concentration, and juice quality, ultimately leading to significant yield loss.

Cropin’s Disease Early Warning System (DEWS) continuously monitors weather conditions to predict disease occurrences at least 15 days ahead. This provides ample time for mitigative efforts and pathogen threat management.

3. Grand growth or stem elongation (150-240 days) – The Critical Stage: At this stage, tiller stabilization, cane formation, and elongation occur. This is the longest and most critical stage for biomass accumulation, marked by rapid leaf production and the appearance of 4 to 5 internodes per month. The stalks lengthen quickly, gaining maximum height, girth, and total biomass before sugar accumulation begins. The lower internodes of the stalks become visible and harden.

Some common diseases, like Fusarium wilt and Red Stripe, tend to occur predominantly during the grand growth period of sugarcane. They severely affect the quality and yield, as potential losses can reach up to 84%.

To safeguard your crops, Cropin’s DEWS provides an AI- and satellite-driven early disease forecasting solution that enables farmers and agribusinesses to detect potential disease outbreaks well in advance.

4. Maturation and ripening (240 days-harvest depending on variety): In this final stage, the sugarcane prepares for harvest by concentrating sugar in the stalks. Maturation of the plant is determined by the sucrose (sugar) level in the stems. By harvesting time, the stems should accumulate at least 12-14% of sugar in the form of sucrose. Stalk elongation slows or stops. The sucrose content within the stalk increases rapidly, and the moisture content drops. During this phase, excess water will delay ripening and promote fungal diseases. Reduce the addition of nitrogen fertilizers, as it will encourage foliage. A dry period with cooler temperatures is ideal to accelerate sucrose concentration.

Cropin’s water stress index helps to monitor soil moisture levels continuously, which helps to track sugar concentration for optimum harvest.

Nutrient management for high yields

Balanced nutrition is critical for optimal yield of sugarcane. Considering its long-life cycle, sugarcane is a heavy feeder, with constant but varying needs for nutrients. During the grand growth stage, the plant requires a consistent water supply, maintaining soil moisture of 80-90% of total field capacity and balanced nutrient application. In this phase, nitrogen and potassium are crucial for stalk growth, cane elongation, biomass production, and sucrose synthesis. You must apply urea and potassium fertilizers in multiple splits timed with irrigation to maximize uptake efficiency. Use foliar feeding to supply micronutrients like Boron and Zinc as needed.

The digitization edge

Most of the farm management in sugarcane cultivation starts after planting the setts. Nutrient and water management, pest and disease prevention, and treatment must be well planned and monitored. The farm management app Cropin Grow helps you track all field operations right from geotagging plots to crop health monitoring and scouting. You can also share alerts on irrigation, weather, and pest & diseases with farmers using Cropin Connect.

Cropin: complimenting traditional farming with agri-intelligence

Let us deep dive into how Cropin uses satellite imagery to maximize sugarcane yield with remote monitoring of sugarcane farms. Cropin enables the identification of canopy variations and potential problems, driving quick risk mitigation. Cropin Intelligence integrates remote sensing, crop science, big data, and more with crop progression, region, weather, etc., to derive actionable data-driven insights.

Crop stage: This model predicts the current stage of the crop and the percentage progress of the crop from sowing based on heat units using remote-sensing capabilities, weather data, and crop science. Based on the crop stage, nutrient management can be planned. Cropin also offers insights into whether the harvest is on time, slow or fast paced, and if the crop is healthy and progressing towards maturity. This helps identify harvest deviation, the causative factor, and mitigative efforts.
Crop health monitoring: Cropin defines crop health using the following parameters:

Canopy Greenness (derived from Normalized Difference Vegetation Index): Measures photosynthetically active biomass, detects crop health, guiding fertilization
Canopy Nutrient Uptake (derived from Normalized Difference Red Edge Index): Aids nitrogen management
Canopy Water Stress (derived from Land Surface Water Index): Helps plan irrigation

These are categorized into buckets and help detect changes in growth progression to plan and fine-tune fertilizer use, reducing costs and environmental impact. Cropin’s zone sampling feature helps adopt precision agriculture with the variable rate application (VRA) method. enhances the accuracy of yield estimation.

Cropin DEWS: Cropin DEWS indicates the probability of disease occurrence based on crop science and past and forecasted weather data (temperature, humidity, precipitation). We will delve deeper into DEWS in the following sections.
Yield estimation: Cropin’s advanced yield estimation model integrates our proprietary crop knowledge grid, remote sensing capabilities, weather data, and crop science to estimate yield. The model gets hypertuned at crop/variety/location levels. Yield estimation insights are offered 30-45 days before harvest. The zone sampling feature improves the accuracy of yield estimation. The advanced yield estimation insight is crucial for procurement planning, logistics management, and adjusting sourcing strategies.

Irrigation and water management with Cropin

Sugarcane is a thirsty crop, which makes managing water one of your biggest challenges! Over-irrigating is wasteful and actually hurts your harvest by lowering the sugar content. The key is balance: you must prevent waterlogging to keep root rot at bay.

The best solution? Drip irrigation! It can save you a huge 40–50% of water. It eases fertigation – applying fertilizer right through the water system.

Cropin turns the guesswork into strategy. We give you Canopy Water Stress data to perfectly time your irrigation across every growth stage. Weather-linked advisories derived from satellite-based monitoring optimize water use while maintaining crop health.

Our detailed weather forecasts feature precipitation, humidity, and temperature to help you maintain the perfect soil moisture during crucial growth phases. By combining precipitation forecasts with evapotranspiration data, we share alerts to increase watering during dry spells and tell you exactly when to conserve water on rainy days.

Pest and disease management with Cropin

Pests and diseases are common threats to sugarcane yield.

How can you beat these threats?

Resistant varieties, sett treatment, crop rotation, field sanitation, and continuous scouting are some ways to control the threat. Today, technology can take you another step forward. Here is how we do it!

Cropin’s Disease Early Warning System (DEWS) predicts the probability of disease occurrence at various stages of sugarcane cultivation. Our AI/ML models integrate crop science, past threat occurrences, historical and forecasted weather data to derive insights so you can mitigate risks. The platform allows you to configure a probability threshold to raise alerts. DEWS alerts help mitigate some most prevalent sugar cane diseases, like Grassy shoot, Fusarium wilt, Sugarcane smut, and Red stripe.

Do contact us for further information on Sugarcane-specific agri-intelligence.

Senescence: harvesting and post-harvest practices

The moment of truth arrives when sugarcane is finally ready, typically 10 to 18 months after planting.

How do you know when sugarcane is ready for harvest?

Watch for the lower leaves drying out and the stalks hardening—or rely on sucrose tests.

Cropin Intelligence takes the guesswork out of this process, combining satellite monitoring with other vital datasets, our models predict your exact harvest window. This insight is valuable for planning logistics and scheduling trucks!

Sustainability and climate-smart sugarcane farming

Sustainable sugarcane cultivation isn’t just a trend; it’s how you protect your crop—and your business—from climate risks. It starts with simple practices:

Digital Tools: Cropin cloud can validate your efforts by tracking carbon, input resource use, and water footprint with dMRV to support compliance with sustainability standards demanded by global buyers.

The indispensable role of agritech in the future of sugarcane cultivation

Technology isn’t optional anymore; it’s the core of modern sugarcane farming:

Remote sensing & satellites: Monitor crop vigor, stress, and growth stages across large areas
IoT & sensors: Track soil moisture, weather data, and nutrient levels in real time
Predictive analytics: AI models forecast yield, pest outbreaks, and irrigation needs
Supply chain visibility: End-to-end digitization ensures traceability from field to mill, improving transparency for stakeholders
Farmer empowerment: Mobile apps and digital advisory platforms deliver real-time, location-specific advisories to farmers

In addition to enabling all these advancements to improve yield and profitability, Cropin platform enables sustainability reporting demanded by regulators and consumers alike.

Conclusion:

Sugarcane is strategic to global food and energy security. But as the pressure mounts from climate change, resource scarcity, and dynamic market demands, relying only on traditional methods just won’t cut it.

The path forward is clear: leverage scientific crop management with digital agriculture solutions. From precision irrigation and digital alerts to predictive forecasting and supply chain transparency, technology providers like Cropin are actively transforming sugarcane farming into a smarter, more profitable, and truly climate-resilient enterprise.

The future of sugarcane cultivation belongs to data-driven decisions and technology-enabled sustainability. Are you ready to lead the shift?

Frequently asked questions (FAQs)

Where does sugarcane grow?

Sugarcane is a cash crop that thrives in tropical and subtropical climates. Brazil and India account for about 60% of the total global production. Other top sugarcane producers are Thailand, Pakistan, Mexico, Western Australia, Colombia, and the USA. All these regions have high solar activity, fertile soil, and plentiful precipitation.

What are the growing conditions for sugarcane?

Sugarcane grows well in a humid, warm climate, but does not tolerate an excess of ground moisture. The plants die when the temperature decreases to – 3.5 C°. The soil for good sugarcane development must have abundant humus. However, sugar content is lower, while plants grown in sandy soils have higher sugar content. Sugarcane does not grow in dense and swampy soils. A well-drained clay soil is best suited. Soil with at least 1% lime is ideal.

Sugarcane requires leveled-out soil, sufficient moisture, and low groundwater (not higher than 1-4.5 m). The soil should be fertile, loose, and have no weeds. If weeds are present, it is tough to distinguish them from sugarcane seedlings.

What are the growth stages in sugarcane cultivation?

Here are the main stages of the sugarcane life cycle.

Germination: Leaves appear on the planted cuttings that usually have three or more buds
Tillering: The first sprouts appear. Tillering can last from 4-8 months, depending on the variety
Stem elongation: Tiller stabilizes, cane formation, and elongation occur. The phase also marks rapid leaf production and the appearance of 4-5 internodes per month
Maturation and ripening: Determined by the sucrose level in the stems. Stems should accumulate at least 8-12% of sugar by harvest
Senescence: This is the last stage of the sugarcane growth cycle. The plants are fully ripe and ready for harvesting

How to improve the yields of sugarcane?

High yields of sugarcane are reached only if the farmers adhere to the best package of practices at all stages of its cultivation. The crop is sensitive to climate change, irrigation, soil type, fertilizer use, pests and diseases control, varieties, and harvesting season. Some ways to improve yield are crop rotation, soil management, choosing the best variety for a specific region, pest and disease management, and fertilization.